I. � Monographie � n Beni Abbes 

Tezga-d 250 km ɣef temdint n lwilaya n Beccar, dayra n Beni Abbes tesɛa snat n tɣiwanin : Bebi Abbes d Tamtirt. Tajumma ines 10 040 m2, taɣiwant n Beni Abes tesɛa 13 000 imezdaɣ. Tamnaṭ agi mazal-itt ɣer deffir deg uḥric n usnerni n tdamsa. Xas ma tamnaṭ-agi tesɛa trisiti azal n 95%, lgaz mazal urɛad yekcim s ixxamen. Aya-gi ur yettɛeṭṭil ara ad yili. Cumaj iɛedda 60%, degmi tamnaṭ-agi ur tesɛi ara kra n luzinat. Snat n luzinat yellan yakan zik medlent tewwura-nsent. Ɣef ayen d-qqaren imḍebbṛen-is, akal n Beni Abbes d agerruj deg ayen yaɛnan kra isufar i ufares n zǧaǧ, lqermud, lkarlaj, aqellal. Imḍebbṛen-agi qqaren-d zemren ad ssisehlen lecɣal i wid ibɣan ad sseftin tadrimt nsen deg uḥric-agi. Xas akken Beni Abbes tewwi lewhi ɣer tmerrit (tourisme), maca ur tesɛi ara ttawilat iwulmen i usnerni n uḥric-agi. Segmi yeɣleq usensu �Le Grand Erg�, ḥala asensu �Rym� i mazal llint tewwura-s.

Deg ayen yaɛnan tafellaḥt, llan azal n 250 ifellaḥen di Beni Abbes. Di tegzirt n tezdayin (palmeraie) yesɛan 40 ha, teẓẓun aṭas isufar n tfellaḥt. Tajumma ittuṣelḥen i  tfellaḥt tesɛa 415 ha. Taɣiwant tesɛa daɣen iɛerqab n tfellaḥt di Ɛin Segya, Jwifa, Warurt, Zɣamra, atg. Maɛna llan wuguren n trisiti. Amedya, arqub ameqqran n 120 ha yellan di Jwifa tewweḍ ɣers trisiti ḥala 5%. Annect-a yessaweḍ aṭas n yifellaḥen ad ǧǧen iɛerqab nnsen. Ɣef leḥsab n yimḍebbeṛ n tfellaḥt n dayra n Beni Abbes, Ddula texdem aṭas i tfellaḥt di temnaṭ-agi imi tefka 7 imelyaṛen n sentim deg ahil PNDA i wazal n 127 ifellaḥen. �Aqlaɣ nessaweḍ 80%, kra ḥebsen ɣef sebba n lexsas n waman�, i d-issefhem. Ṛray-agi ur twufeq ara temḍebbert talmanit n GTZ ittukelfen s wahilen uselḥu n uḥric n waman. Tenna-d Talmanit-agi, ulac lexsas n waman di Beni Abbes, maca ugur yella deg ufraq n lɣella-agi. Daɣen, thegga-d yiwen n ttawil swayes ara sɛun imezdaɣ aman yal ass. �Aqlaɣ deg uḥric amenzu n ujeṛṛeb, maca ilaq lemɛawna n lɣaci. Axater, akka ɣer zdat, ad ilint tfaṭurin n lexlas n waman�, i d-tenna temḍebbeṛt-agi, weqbel ad ternu : �si tama nniḍen, ahil-agi izmer ad yerr tudert i  tmizar-agi ittmettaten. Iswi mačči i wakken ad tennerni tfellaḥt deg ṣseḥra am tagi, maca iwakken a negg leqrar i tudert d yidles.�

II. �Reportage�

Beni Abbes : tiririt n wazal n tmerrit ittwattun

Isem-is Sawra idda-as am txatemt ɣef uḍad. Tecbeḥ nezzeh, Beni Abbes, tigzirt-agi n wenẓul n Beccar, yefka-as ugama udem n teslit iḍwan. Ayen is-yeǧǧan ad tesɛu lewhi i tmerrit. Igzem-it wasif n Sawra, tigzirt-agi n tezdayin iččuṛen d tizzegzewt tesban-ed cbaḥa ines ɣef teɣzi n ubrid si yal tama. Kra n yiqeddimen ɣer zdat, ɣef yeffus n tewwurt temdint, yettban-d leqser aqdim deg tlemmast leǧnan n tizzegzewt aked tezdayin ɛlayen ; leqser-agi ibna deg uwines wis 16 ideg zedɣent zik 7 taywiyin timeqranin yebnan tamdint. Ass-a, ulac win izedɣen xas ma yella-d uɛiwed ines s lemɛawna n Unesco. Ɣer zelmeḍ, di tlemmast n kra yexxamen iddukklen, yella uxxam n umezgun anda d-tettili tmeɣra n Lmulud. Ɣer rrif-is, illa usalay (mus�e) aked �le zoo�. Abrid yettawin ɣer temdint, isenden ɣer wedrar n ṛmel am uzrar ɣef yidmaren, isɛa tawwurt ger snat n tgejda yulin deg igenni.

Cbaḥa n ugama, lqella n imerriyen

Adrar n ṛmel amuqqran iqublen asensu �Rym�, yellan d amuger i yimerriyen, yuɣal d amkan ideg ttnejmaɛen imezdaɣ n temdint. Yal tameddit, mi ara d-teɣli tasmuḍi, ttemlilin degs lɣaci meṛṛa ; irgazen, tilawin, tilmeẓyin, igerdan sɛeddayen lewqat nsen deg ustaɛfu. Kra deg imezdaɣ ttruḥun ɣer tiɣilt n wedrar n ṛmel ansa ara ad walin tigzirt n tezdayin aked, syin akin, tewsa� n ṣṣeḥra innejbaden war tilisa.

Si tama nniḍen n temdint, nnig wedrar ɣef yebna usensu �Le Grand Erg� d-yefkan tamuɣli ɣer leqser aqdim, allen ad llint ɣef teswiṛa icebḥen ugar. Sya, tigzirt n tezdayin yersen ɣef irebbi n wasif tcuba udem n tɣirdemt. Kra n issurrifen kan ɣef usensu-agi, yella uxxam n �p�re de Foucault�, yettwabnan deg 1905, anida mazal ttnejmaɛen kra n yemdanen (irgazen d tlawin) n ddin amasiḥi.

Beni Abbes tesɛa, ula d nettat, �la muraille de Chine� d-yezgan di Marḥuma, 30 km si tɣiwant. Yeddukel wedrar aked unuɣen ɣef yiẓra d-ibanen deg useggas 1953. Maca, ur tettwassen ara aṭas.

Beni Abbes tesɛa ayen meṛṛa ara d-ijebden imerriyen. Xas akken, ulac tirza n yimerriyen s waṭas. Deg aggur n yibrir, ḥala azal n 100 imerriyen i d-yusan ilmend n tfaska tis 4 n �Iḍ n Sawra� (Les nuits de la Saoura). Deg tirza ines tamenzut ɣer temnaṭ-agi, Abderrahim, aɣrib azzayri n 60 yiseggasen, tɛeǧeb-it cbaḥa n Beni Abbes. �Tamnaṭ tecbaḥ aṭas. Tella tgama, daɣen udem n umagar d leḥdaqa n lɣaci n Beni Abbes. Ayagi isɛa azal ameqqran�, i d-yenna. Maca isḥassef s kra n lexsas yellan. �Iban-iyi-d ubiṭun yečča meṛṛa tamdint. Neǧǧa tanezduɣt tamensayt. Deg ayen yaɛnan lebni, tinezduɣin timaynutin cemtent, sɛant yiwen wudem kan. Ulac ttawilat n umagar. Di kra n texxamin n usensu �Rym�, ulac tilibizyu abaɛda Internet i wid ibɣan ad xedmen�, isḥassef Abderrahim, ikemmel inna : �maca nḥuss illa lebɣi i tikli ɣer zdat�. Imezdaɣ n Beni Abbes, nutni, ttwalin sebba n lexsas agi n imerriyen tekka-d seg ttawilat isallen imedlen tiwwura nsent ɣef temnaṭ-agi. �Tagi d tamsalt n  isallen. Amedya, Taɣit rezzun ɣers aṭas imerriyen acku tezga di ttawilat n isallen, xas akken ur tesɛi ara ayen tesɛa Beni Abbes�, i d-issefhem M. Adda, aselway n OLT (Office local du tourisme). Xas akken ifassen-is ttergigin seg waṭṭan n Parkinson, aselmad-agi n zik izzux seg ul akken ad immeslay ɣef ayen icudden ar tmerrit di Beni Abbes. �Ḥala nettat i yellan deg unẓul d tigzirt anda ayen yeẓẓan ad imɣi�, i d-yenna s ucmumeḥ.

Lebɣi n lmir, lqella n wallalen

S  leqniɛa ines d akken �immal n Bebi Abbes a-tan di tmerrit�, M. Bouhadda, aselway n tɣiwant, ifka tazmert-is i usnerni n uḥric-agi isɛan azal i lebni n tɣiwant. Asurrif amezwaru, s ttawil n isallen akken ad tettwassen tɣiwant-is ugar. Timlilit tis 8 n tazzla n idurar n ṛmel (Marathon des durnes) di Beni Abbes, di taggara n bujember 2007, d tagnitt i M. Bouhadda akken ad imlil aked ugar n 5 tilibizyuwat tibeṛṛaniyin. �Deg imeslayen-iw, rriɣ tamuɣli ɣer laman (la s�curit�) i iṛeṣṣan di temnaṭ-agi nneɣ. Agemmuḍ ur yerǧi ara : di tmeɣra n Lmulud, rzan-d ɣurneɣ nnig n 200 imerriyen ibeṛṛaniyen, armi ula d imukan n umagar ur d-qudden ara�, i d-yessefhem. Iwakken ad iffru ugur-agi n lexsas n imukan, M. Bouahadda yebda amciwer aked d 4 imɛelmen n tmurt, gerasen yiwen d aɣrib, i wakken ad aɣen asensu �Le Grand Erg�. Asensu-agi yettwabnan di tallit n umnekcam afransis, s lmendad n lluzin n Citro�n, sekkṛent tewwura ines kran n yiseggasen aya. �Amcawer issaweḍ, mazal-aɣ kan � le cahier des charges � ara nettheggi geraneɣ aked taɣlift n Tmerrit. Maca lecɣal ur teddun ara s lemɣawla akken ad tefru tamsalt. 3 wagguren aya segmi nessers lekwaɣeḍ di lwilaya, ar ass-a ur d-iban wara�, isḥassef uselway n tɣiwant.

Si tama nniḍen, yebɣa ad ixdem aked tiddukliwin n Beni Abbes i usbeddi iqiḍunen deg temdint aked temnaḍin d-iqerben yesɛan isufar n tmerrit am Warurud, Ugarta, Zɣamra. �Ar tura, ḥala taddukli El Khe�ma i yessersen lekwaɣeḍ di tnemhalt n tmerrit. Asmi ara bedden iqiḍunen-agi, imerriyen zemren ad sxedmen iberdan yellan akken ad issinen akk imukan n tmerrit i tesɛa temnaṭ�, ikemmel inna. Iswi ines amuqqran, imezdaɣ n Beni Abbes ad sxedmen ttawil umi qqaren �tamezduɣt ɣur umezdaɣ� (�h�bergement chez l�habitant�). �Ɣef sebba n wugur n lqanun, ur nezmir ara a nessexdem leqser aqdim d amkan n usensu imerriyen. Tifrat ad tili ma qeblen imezdaɣ n Beni Abbes ad ssensen deg ixxamen nnsen imerriyen, akken xedmen di Lmeṛṛuk aked Tunes. Ayagi ad yeǧǧ imerriyen ad issinen idles nneɣ. Tin ɣures, tettlal-d tegmatt ger yegduden�, i d-issefhem deg umeslay-is. Nnig n usenfar n lebni n uɣerbaz n tmerrit, M. Bouhadda yaɛna taɣlift n Tmerrit i wakken ad tɛiwen ad yerr leqrar i �la ZET� (Zone d�expansion touristique) n tɣiwant nneɣ. Asirem-is amuqqran d lebni n unafag ara ibdun deg ussan d-iteddun. Ɛleḥsab-is, asnerni n tmerrit n ṣṣeḥra mačči d ayen iweɛṛen. Tikta isɛa, mazal kan lebɣi n Ddula.

III- Tarudemt

Abdelkader Bouhadda : lmir ittuqadaren i lebni n tɣiwant-is

Xas akken ittban-d yeɛya s tili-ines n �moine hindou�, yesɛa tazmert d libɣi. Yuɣal d lmir n Beni Abbes di tefranin n 29 nubember 2007 s yisem n RCD, Abdelkader Bouhadda ibegs-d ad yerr tamdint-is d tin ara d yawin aṭas n yimerriyen, akken ad issishil tudert i yimezdaɣ n temnaṭ agi id-izgan di tama n wanẓul-usammer n tmurt. Axatar zeddig, iqfez, aṭas n yimdanen n Beni Abbes ttwalin degs d argaz izemren ara ad yawin abeddel i ssaramen akk. �Umneɣ ad yili ubeddel di temdint nneɣ. Aselway n tɣiwant d argaz zeddigen, iqefzen, mačči d win iɣeflen. Ixemmel iɣallen akken ad yefk udem lɛali i Beni Abbes�, id-iched uɛeggal n yiwen n tidukkla. �D argaz ixeddmen aṭas. D aɣeẓẓan (rigoureux). Deg ass mi yuqqel d lmir, lecɣal n tɣiwant teddun akken iwulem lḥal�, id-yenna umɛiwen (l�adjoint) n M. Bouhadda. Yussa-d yakan ilindi ɣer Beni Abbes, yiwen Uṛṛumi laṣel-is d azzayri, d imḍebbeṛ n tidukkla �Nuits m�tisses�, yewhem imi yeckem ar daxel n tɣiwant : �Aṭas i ibeddlen !�

Yezweǧ, ɣures 4 n dderya, M. Bouhadda, 57 iseggasen di laɛmeṛ-is, yella d imḍebber (cadre) di Alg�rie T�l�coms. Di 1977, yewwi-d agerdas aɛlayan (TS) deg useddu n �t�l�communications� n Wehṛan. Seg ass-en ixeddem di taska (antenne) n Beni Abbes n Alg�rie T�l�coms.

Yekcem ɣer wennar n tsertit di tallit-nni n 1988 mi llint tewwura i tugdut di Lezzayer. Deg tefranin n tɣiwanin n 1990, yettufren d amɛiwen n lmir s yisem n ukabar n FLN. Deg useggas 1997, ibedd-d ɣer refranin s yisem n RND, yettufren d aselway n tɣiwant n Beni Abbes, uqbel ad ittwakkes deg umkan-is di 2000. Maca ɛleḥsab-is, werǧin yelli d ameɣnas n sin ikabaren-agi : FLN, RND. Alarmi d aseggas 2007 i yeckem s yissem unṣib ɣer ukabar n tsertit, aladɣa RCD, i wakken ad yuɣal d aqerru n tɣiwant i tikkelt nniḍen.

Werǧin yeɛzel iman-is, yezga ger lɣaci, yal tikkelt mi ara as-tettunefk tegnitt yettemlil aked imezdaɣ n tɣiwant. Ass n 13 yibrir iɛeddan, ur as-ittunefk ara lḥal ad iḥdeṛ mi telli tewwurt n tfaska �Nuits m�tisses�, acku yuḍen. Azekka-nni, 14 yibrir, mi iɛedda fellas waṭṭan, issemlal tarbaɛt n yilmeẓyen di tɣiwant  akken ad ttekkin deg wahil aɣelnaw n  �recensement�. S wawal afessas, issefhem-asen amek ara fken azal i cɣel agi inefɛen aṭas Ddula. Tasebḥit n 16 yibrir, s lmendad-is, tarbaɛt n yinelmaden ttekkin deg uẓẓu n tjuṛ di tɣiwant. Ɣef akken illa d argaz asertan ur nɣeffel, ɣures ḥala leqdic deg unnar i yessawaḍen.

IV- Adiwenni

Abdelkader Bouhadda, lmir n Beni Abbes :

�Ufiɣ-d liḥala terwi�

Amek d-tufiḍ teswiɛt di tɣiwant-ik mi ɛeddant tefranin ?

Mi d-newweḍ, nufa-d taɣiwant tattwalas azal n 1 umelyaṛ d 700 imelyan isentimen. 9 ger 17 n tikuṛyas n tɣiwant ur leḥḥunt ara. Mebla ma nudren asefsed, llan wid issexdamen tikuṛyas n tɣiwant i yiman-nnsen. Nufa-d daɣen azal n 10 wahilen kerfen, 5 nniḍen ur bdin maḍi. Taɣiwant nneɣ d tameɣbunt deg tedrimt aked ttawilat, xas akken imḍebbṛen iɛeddan ur d-rrin ara lwelhi-nsen ɣer tebzert n wazal n 6,810 imelyan n DA n wid iwwin 77 n tḥuna yellan d lmelk n tɣiwant. Si tama nniden, 16 n yixxamen ssekṛan-ten s ssuma ṛxisen maḍi. Ayagi, bɣiɣ ad iniɣ, segmi id-wwḍeɣ ɣer tɣiwant, ufiɣ-d liḥala ur tessefraḥ ara.

D acu i txedmeḍ di 6 wagguren agi iɛeddan ?

Di tazwara nṣeggem tikuṛyas nni ikerfen. Nemeɛ asexdem n tikuṛyas beṛṛa n uxeddim. Syin, nesselḥa ahilen ikerfen aked wid ur nebdi maḍi. Neqsed ad negg  agudru i meṛṛa iberdan n temdint yellan di yir liḥala. Lecɣal ad bdun deg ussan i d-iteddun. Si tama nniḍen, nessawel i yimɛelmen n tmurt aked ibeṛṛaniyen akken ad sseftin tadrimt-nnsen di Beni Abbes. Mmeslayeɣ ama dagi ama di Lezzayer aked d imɛelmen akken ad aɣen snat n luzinat, garasent tin n lgazuz. Lemcawṛat teddunt akken iwata. Daɣen, nexdem lemxalṭat, beṛṛa n tmurt, aked tiddukliwin n Spanya d Fransa, aked tɣiwant Sept�mes-les-Vallons n Maṛsilya. Mebla ma nettu lemxalṭat daxel n tmurt ger Beni Abbes aked tɣiwant Leṣnam (Tubirett).

Ma tzemreḍ aɣ-d-temmeslayeḍ ɣef wahil inek ?

Nesɛa azal n 21 wahilen. Taseqqamutt n dayra teṭṭef kan 11. Ger wahilen agi, ad nebder aqeɛed n unekcum n temdint, asufeɣ n waman deg tzulixin i kra iderman, timerna n waman n tissit di temdint si lbir wis tlata, lebni n �les gradins� deg unnar n waddal, lebni n yiwem uxxam i yinebgawen, asemsawi n umkan n ustaɛfu n lɣaci, asewseɛ n uxxam n tɣiwant, ttawilat i uxxam n yidles, aseqɛed n teɣremt taqdimt n Tlayet Asafa, atg.

Si tama nniḍen, heggaɣ-d timliliyin aked ifellaḥen, imzenza, iṛemmasen, ilmeẓyen, tiddukliwin, atg. Nmeslay s tlelli ɣef meṛṛa n wayen d icudden ɣer wuguren n yal ass di yal aḥric di tmetti. Ar tagara n temliliyin agi, ad nesbedd aseqqamu n umcaweṛ ara ɛemṛen �les notables� n temdint, imeḍebbṛen n tiddukliwin aked ufrinen. Iswi akken imezdaɣ ad walin s timmad nnsen amek teddunt temsal di tɣiwant.

Wissen ma ahat temlaleḍ-d uguren aked tadbelt (l�administration) ?